October 3, 2024
The health care system can be challenging, especially when faced with complex medical terminology. Whether you're a patient exploring your health care options, a caregiver in need of clear explanations or just someone interested in health and wellness, knowing these terms is key to effectively managing your health. In this article, we offer clear explanations of common health-related terms that you may come across during doctor's appointments, while reviewing health insurance options or when investigating a medical diagnosis.
Acute vs. Chronic Conditions
Acute conditions: These conditions appear abruptly and are typically severe in nature. Examples include a broken bone or an asthma attack. They often require immediate attention and can be short-lived.
Chronic conditions: These are conditions that persist over a long period of time, often for the rest of one's life. They usually develop gradually and can include diseases like diabetes or heart disease. Managing these conditions often involves long-term treatment and monitoring.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are medications designed to fight infections caused by bacteria. For example, they are used to treat conditions like strep throat and bacterial pneumonia by either killing the bacteria or stopping them from reproducing. However, antibiotics do not work against viruses, such as those that cause the common cold or flu. It's important to use antibiotics correctly, as misuse and overuse can cause antibiotic resistance, which makes infections more difficult to treat.
Antihistamines
Antihistamines block the effects of histamine, a substance in the body. The body typically releases histamine in response to detecting a harmful substance, such as an infection. It causes blood vessels to expand and the skin to swell, which can help protect the body. However, in those with allergies, the body incorrectly identifies harmless substances like pollen, pet dander or dust as threats, leading to histamine production and allergic symptoms such as itchy eyes, runny or blocked nose, sneezing and rashes. Antihistamines are also used to ease symptoms of hay fever, hives, eye infection and reactions to insect bites or stings. Taking antihistamines before encountering allergens can prevent these reactions or reduce their severity if taken afterwards.1
Benign vs. Malignant
These terms commonly describe the nature of tumors or growths.
Benign: This term is used for tumors or growths that are non-cancerous. Typically, benign tumors grow at a slow pace and do not spread to other parts of the body.
Malignant: This refers to tumors or conditions that are cancerous. Malignant tumors have the potential to grow quickly, invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to distant parts of the body.
Cellulitis
Cellulitis is a common and potentially serious bacterial skin infection. The affected skin appears swollen and red and is typically painful and warm to the touch. It's most often affected on the lower legs, though it can occur on the face, arms and other areas. Learn more about cellulitis symptoms.
Copay vs. Deductible
Copay: This is a predetermined fee between your insurance and health care provider that you pay for a particular service or medication.
Deductible: This is the total amount you must pay out of pocket for healthcare services before your insurance begins to cover the costs.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are steroids that quickly reduce inflammation and are used in treating a variety of conditions, including eczema, asthma and arthritis. They can be administered as pills, creams, inhalers and injections.3
Diagnostic vs. Preventive Care
Preventive Care: These are routine health care procedures, such as vaccinations, check-ups and screenings, that are intended to prevent illnesses before they start. Health insurance plans often cover preventive services without a copay.
Diagnostic Care: This type of care is used to find the cause of existing symptoms. For example, getting an X-ray to determine the cause of back pain would be considered diagnostic care.
Edema
Edema refers to the swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues. It commonly affects the legs, ankles and feet but can occur anywhere in the body. This condition can occur in anyone but is particularly common among pregnant individuals and adults over the age of 65. Managing edema typically involves adopting lifestyle modifications such as dietary adjustments and increased physical activity.2
Febrile
The term febrile refers to symptoms related to a fever. Fevers are a natural response of the immune system to infection or illness, indicating that your body is fighting off something.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
GERD is a chronic digestive disorder where stomach acid or bile irritates the food pipe lining. This leads to symptoms like heartburn, acid reflux and discomfort in the stomach.
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen from your lungs to transport it throughout your body. A hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in your blood and is a key part of complete blood count tests.4
Hypertension
Also known as high blood pressure, hypertension is a condition where the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated, which can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke and other health issues. Learn more about what is blood pressure and why is it important.
NSAIDs
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, or NSAIDs, are medications used to ease pain, decrease fever and reduce inflammation. Common examples include ibuprofen and naproxen. They are often used for headaches, menstrual cramps, arthritis and other similar conditions.
Tachycardia
Tachycardia refers to a heart rate that's too fast. A normal resting heart rate is typically between 60 and 100 beats a minute. A heart rate that is too fast is generally beating above 100 beats per minute.5
Understanding health terms is not just about being able to read a prescription or understand a doctor’s instructions — it’s about actively participating in your health care. It’s about empowerment, informed decision-making and taking charge of your health journey. Whether through online resources, books or discussions with your health care providers, enhancing your understanding of medical language is a step towards a more informed and healthier life.
References:
1 NHS. Antihistamines. Last updated May 25, 2023. Accessed August 7, 2024.
2 National Library of Medicine. Causes and signs of edema. Last updated April 25, 2022. Accessed August 7, 2024.
3 National Institutes of Health. Corticosteroid. Accessed August 7, 2024.
4 National Institutes of Health. Hemoglobin. Accessed August 7, 2024.